Deficits in executive functions can be very difficult to treat. Some people who are overly susceptible to distraction can be helped to focus by using a mild psychostimulant such as Ritalin. It remains unclear how this kind of medication affects other cognitive functions. Research is continuing on the best way to use these medications in various situations.

Cognitive rehabilitation focuses on developing strategies to overcome cognitive impairment. Some forms of cognitive rehabilitation are considered effective for treating people who have problems with executive functions. There are many innovative programs for people with the most severe forms of disability. These programs are geared primarily to victims of traumatic brain injury, but people with other conditions also can benefit.

People who have more subtle impairments may be helped by working with an individual trained in various cognitive rehabilitation techniques. More traditional forms of psychotherapy also can help people to develop insight into their behavior, to increase their consciousness of their own needs and the needs of others, and to improve other such skills.